Multiple chalk quarries on Galley Hill. The North westen section, bounded to the south by London Road, was known as Higgins Pit appears to be in operation my the mid 19th century and by the early 20th century has been filled with structures associated with the Portland cement works. The Chalk quarry to the south of the North Kent railway line was opened and in use from the end of the 19th century. (1) It was expanded throughout the first half of the 20th century.(2) It is linked to another chalk pit on its northern side (between the railway line and Galley Hill Road) via a tramline which runs through a tunnel along its northern edge. This northern quarry supplied the Britannia Cement Works and it is likley that this quarry did also. (3) The quarry appears to have fallen out of use by the time the fourth edition OS map of the area was drawn. (4)

<1> Ordnance Survey, 1893-7, Ordnance Survey 1:2500 2nd edition : 1893-1898 (Map). SWX11832.

<2> Ordnance Survey, 1905-10, Ordnance Survey 1:2500 3rd edition: 1901-1912 (Map). SWX11833.

<3> Essex County Council, 2003, Aggregates Levy Survey Industrial Sites, KN877/911 (Unpublished document). SKE12009.

<4> Ordnance Survey, 1928-1947, Ordnance Survey 1:2500 4th edition 1928-1947 (Map). SKE12644.