A large post-Second World War oil refinery was situated on the Isle of Grain, Kent, constructed as part of the post-war expansion of the oil refinery industry in the United Kingdom. Work began on the site in 1950 for the Anglo-Iranian Oil Company which became BP (British Petroleum) in 1954. The first oil was processed in 1953 and the refinery could initially process four and a half million tons of crude oil a year. Its capacity was subsequently increased and by 1971 it could process nearly 11 million tons. The refinery was a victim of the massive decline in the demand of oil products after 1973. It was closed in 1982 and the site demolished. Aerial photographs taken from 1950 onwards show the construction and development of the site. Aerial photographs taken in February 1953 show the temporary buildings erected at Wallend for the builders (see NMR 1545846). Air photos taken 1955 show abandoned groundwork on the south-eastern side of the site; this is recorded in NMR 1545814. The refinery occupied approximately 4sq km and most of it can be seen on air photos taken in 1955. It incorporated pre-existing oil tanks from the Medway Oil and Storage Company (NMR 1540706), the Admiralty oil fuel station (NMR 1540697) and the Second World War underground oil storage facility (NMR 1540715). The refinery was also photographed from the air in 1978, 4 years before it closed. As air photos taken in 2007 show, much of the grid pattern of the refinery can still be identified as well as the outline of oil tanks and in some cases the remains of the oil tanks themselves. This site was identified from aerial photographs as part of the English Heritage: Hoo Peninsula Landscape Project.